Rent a Bus to Red Rocks Amphitheatre: The Complete Transportation Guide

TLDR: Red Rocks Amphitheatre's limited parking, 6,450-foot elevation, and narrow approach roads turn a simple concert night into a full logistics project for any group bigger than two cars. A charter bus or party bus rental to Red Rocks solves all three problems at once — your group rides in together, the bus handles the Hogback Road crawl, and the post-show exit on West Alameda Parkway is somebody else's headache.

Here is what a sold-out Saturday at Red Rocks actually looks like without a bus: you leave Centennial or Highlands Ranch 75 minutes early because you know what CO-74 does on a show night. You sit in the queue on Hogback Road for 30 minutes, find a spot in an outer lot, hike uphill at altitude in the pre-show heat, and arrive at your seats just as the opener starts. Then a thunderstorm blows in from the mountains during set break — which is not a rare occurrence in July — and the whole venue scrambles.

On the way home, 9,500 people funnel through the same two-lane road at the same time, and the rideshare app quotes you $55 and a 35-minute wait. The people who have been to Red Rocks enough times have all stopped doing it this way. They rent one bus, load everyone at one pickup, and let the bus handle the approach while the group handles the pre-show energy.

This guide covers exactly how charter bus and party bus groups reach Red Rocks — the drop-off procedure, parking, approach routes, pricing ranges, and what to plan around for your specific show date. It is built for groups from Centennial, Highlands Ranch, Littleton, Aurora, and across the South Denver metro where coordinating a caravan to Morrison is the most aggravating part of the whole night. The Centennial concert party bus page is a good companion to this guide for groups who want to compare the full range of concert transportation options across the Front Range.

Why Rent a Party Bus or Charter Bus to Red Rocks Amphitheatre?

Red Rocks sits 15 to 20 miles from Denver's core neighborhoods and about 28 to 32 miles from Centennial — close enough that driving sounds like the obvious call, until the night of a sold-out show. The venue holds 9,525 people. Both approach roads — US-285 (Hampden extended west through Littleton and Morrison) and CO-74 off I-70 at Exit 259 — converge on the same stretch of Hogback Road before the final climb on West Alameda Parkway.

On a major headliner night, both directions back up for miles. The parking lot capacity is limited relative to the crowd size, which means overflow, which means more cars on the same narrow road, which means the approach takes significantly longer than the map suggests.

Then there is the elevation. At 6,450 feet, the walk from the outer parking areas to the amphitheatre is a genuine workout, and altitude affects people at different rates — especially if your group is coming from lower elevation or flying in that morning. After the show, you are doing that same climb in reverse, in the dark, after standing for two hours.

A bus drops your group near the main concourse entrance, which is meaningfully closer than most general-parking attendees park their cars. Nobody hikes further than they need to.

The weather argument is the one that converts the holdouts. Colorado Front Range afternoon and evening thunderstorms develop fast between late May and August, and Red Rocks has posted guidance that shows can pause for severe weather. A group scattered across five separate cars has five separate "what now" conversations in a parking lot in the rain.

A bus group climbs back on, waits it out in a climate-controlled cabin, and loads for the second set when the venue reopens.

Charter Bus & Party Bus Drop-Off at Red Rocks Amphitheatre

Red Rocks Amphitheatre sits at 18300 West Alameda Parkway, Morrison, CO 80465, at the end of a winding road through the Denver Mountain Parks system. Getting to the main entrance requires ascending from either the I-70 side (Exit 259 to CO-74 south, then west on West Alameda Parkway) or the US-285 side (Morrison Road / Parmalee Gulch Road to CO-74, then north). The final stretch on West Alameda Parkway is narrow and actively managed during events — it is one-lane inbound at peak approach times, which is the core reason arriving in a single vehicle makes operational sense.

For charter buses and motorcoaches, Red Rocks designates the Top Circle Lot as the limo and shuttle bus drop-off point, near the main concourse entrance where most concertgoers arrive from the parking lots. Bus groups are typically directed to that drop-off zone, with motorcoach parking managed by the venue's event staff. Because exact bus parking assignments and the staging area for a specific show can vary based on the event configuration and crowd size, the definitive resource is the official Red Rocks parking and getting-here page, and the correct approach and drop point for your specific show date is confirmed as part of the booking process when you arrange your bus.

One detail that matters for your planning: parking at Red Rocks is free, but the lots run first-come, first-served and open two hours before the show — the Upper North Lot, closest to the concourse entrance, fills up fastest for popular acts, and outer-lot options add walking distance and wait time to an already-slow exit. For a charter bus group, none of that first-come, first-served scramble applies — the approach and bus parking arrangement is part of what is coordinated when you reserve, so your group does not show up at the lot entrance racing for a spot.

How the Post-Show Exit Works for a Bus Group

The post-show exit at Red Rocks is the part that first-timers underestimate every time. When the headliner ends, 9,500-plus people move toward the same exit at roughly the same time. Lots empty in sequence, event staff manages one-way flows on West Alameda Parkway, and the Hogback Road corridor heading back to Morrison and the I-70 and US-285 split backs up for a corresponding stretch.

On a busy Saturday in summer, the lot-to-highway transition can run 30 to 45 minutes for cars in the outer areas. Rideshare apps put pickup in the Jurassic Lot and surge-price the moment the last chord hits.

With a bus, the exit is predetermined: you agree on a pickup window and meeting point before the show, and the bus is staged and ready when your group walks out. Nobody circles the lot in the dark looking for the right row. Nobody waits 35 minutes for a rideshare at post-show surge pricing.

The group loads, the bus handles the Hogback Road crawl, and the ride back is part of the night instead of the part that everyone wishes they had skipped. That post-show flexibility — the bus stages at your pace, not the lot's pace — is consistently the reason groups say they will do it again the same way.

Getting to Red Rocks: Every Option Compared for Groups

Red Rocks is not served by standard RTD fixed-route bus service, and rideshare vehicles face real staging challenges at the venue after shows. Here is an honest look at every realistic option for a group, scored on what actually matters when you are coordinating 15 or more people.

The RTD Concert Shuttle is worth knowing about if your group has members who prefer transit or if you have flexibility about timing. RTD operates seasonal shuttle service to Red Rocks on select show nights — service patterns and fares change by season, so the RTD website is the right place to check current schedules before your date. For a group of 15 or more, a private bus almost always beats individual shuttle tickets once you factor in that everyone also needs to get to the transit hub first.

For one or two people coming from downtown Denver, the RTD shuttle may genuinely be the better call — there is no reason to charter a bus for a pair.

For rideshares: they work for getting to the show, but post-show at Red Rocks is well-documented as a weak point for the platform. The combination of 9,500 people leaving at once, limited road access for vehicles, and the venue's position at the end of a mountain road means post-show rideshare wait times and surge pricing are the norm at Red Rocks, not the exception. Groups planning to rideshare home regularly end up split across multiple pickup windows at different parts of the lot.

That is the exact problem a single bus solves.

What Size Party Bus or Charter Bus Does Your Group Need for Red Rocks?

Red Rocks is a standing/bench-seat venue — no stadium-style tailgate setup with grills and folding tables, so groups tend to travel lighter than they would for a Broncos game at Empower Field. The right vehicle comes down to your headcount and whether you want the trip up to be part of the celebration or just the commute. Here is how the vehicle lineup maps to a Red Rocks run:

For most groups from the south Denver metro, the 25- to 40-passenger party bus or minibus is the most common choice — big enough to justify a bus over multiple cars, small enough to fill seats without hunting for extras. If the group is doing a birthday celebration or a bachelorette trip alongside the show, the party bus format makes the drive up to Morrison part of the night rather than just the logistical lead-in to it. The bachelorette and bachelor party bus page covers the full pre-show and post-show setup for that kind of trip.

For a larger corporate or office outing with pickups at multiple addresses across Arapahoe County, a full-size charter bus with undercarriage storage handles the whole group in one vehicle and gives the bus somewhere to hold bags and laptop cases during the show.

ADA-accessible vehicles are available through the network — note your needs when you request estimates so the right vehicle is confirmed. At Red Rocks itself, the venue has wheelchair-accessible seating in Rows 1 and 70, accessible parking, and a shuttle for mobility-impaired patrons; see the official Red Rocks accessibility page for current details.

Red Rocks Party Bus & Charter Bus Rental Prices

Centennialpartybuscompany.com connects you to quotes from transportation providers serving Centennial and the Denver metro area, with all-inclusive pricing available online in under 30 seconds. The rate for a Red Rocks trip reflects your actual itinerary — vehicle size, how many hours you need the bus (including the pre-show window, the show itself, and post-show staging), and the pickup location and route.

To give you an idea of what Red Rocks trips tend to run — planning ranges, not quotes, and not guaranteed figures since actual pricing varies by provider, date, and route:

• Sprinter van or 14-passenger Sprinter limo: roughly $120–$260/hour
• 15–20 passenger party bus: roughly $150–$290/hour
• 20–30 passenger party bus: roughly $200–$380/hour
• 35–50 passenger party bus or minibus: roughly $280–$490/hour
• 40–56 passenger charter bus: roughly $130–$300/hour or $1,000–$2,200/day

A typical Red Rocks run from Centennial or Highlands Ranch for a group of 30 might look like this for planning purposes: pickup at 5:30 PM, arrive at Red Rocks around 7:00 PM, show ends around 11:00 PM, back at the starting point around midnight or 12:30 AM — roughly a 6- to 7-hour block. On a 30-passenger party bus at the middle of that range, the all-inclusive total might come to somewhere around $1,500–$2,200 for the night, which works out to roughly $50–$75 per person for transportation including the pre-show ride. That number compares directly to each car paying for gas, someone in each car stuck driving all night, and the post-show rideshare surge for anyone who didn't drive.

See the Centennial party bus prices page for a fuller breakdown, or call 720-452-0280 any time for a specific quote.

Getting to Red Rocks from Centennial, Denver, and the Front Range

Red Rocks sits on the western edge of the Denver metro in the Denver Mountain Parks, approached from two main directions. From the south and southeast (Centennial, Highlands Ranch, Englewood, Littleton): C-470 westbound to US-285 westbound through Littleton, then west to CO-74 (Hogback Road) and north on West Alameda Parkway to the venue. From Denver proper and the north (via I-70): west on I-70 to Exit 259, south on CO-74 (Hogback Road) to West Alameda Parkway.

Both routes converge on Hogback Road for the final stretch to the venue entrance, and on sold-out nights both directions slow significantly on that same road.

Approximate distances and off-peak drive times from common front-range starting points — add 20 to 45 minutes on major show nights depending on the draw:

The traffic pattern on major show nights is predictable: both US-285 westbound and I-70 westbound start slowing about 60 to 90 minutes before showtime as the approach volume outpaces West Alameda Parkway's capacity. The Hogback Road / CO-74 stretch is the pinch point — two lanes handling both the I-70 and US-285 arrivals through the same narrow mountain corridor before the final switchbacks up to the venue. Groups that drive up in separate cars regularly report leaving 90 minutes early and arriving with minutes to spare.

On a bus, the departure time is built into the pickup plan and the approach traffic is accounted for in advance — nobody is navigating CO-74 for the first time at 7 PM on a sold-out Saturday wondering if they should have left earlier.

Flying In? Red Rocks Bus Rentals from Denver International Airport

Red Rocks draws fans from well outside Colorado — for major headliners and multi-night residency shows, flying into Denver specifically for the concert is genuinely common. Denver International Airport (DEN) sits roughly 52 to 57 miles northeast of the amphitheatre, making it about 65 to 75 minutes off-peak — and the most practical solution for a group of six or more flying in together is a private van or minibus from the terminal directly to their hotel or to the venue for show night. The DEN shuttle guide covers the full pickup procedure at the airport, including the ground transportation staging area on Level 5 of the Jeppesen Terminal.

The typical arrangement for an out-of-town concert group: Sprinter van or minibus from DEN to the hotel on arrival day, then a separate bus for show night from the hotel to Red Rocks and back. A group of 10 or 12 flying in from the coasts for a Friday show usually does not want to coordinate three rideshares from the terminal with luggage and guitar cases — one van from DEN, one flat rate, everyone together from wheels-down. See the Centennial airport transportation page for multi-stop arrangements that cover both the DEN arrival and the show night leg.

What Your Group Should Know Before Going to Red Rocks

A few things that consistently catch groups off-guard, especially on their first Red Rocks trip:

• Parking is free but first-come, first-served — there is no way to reserve a spot in the closest lot. Lots open two hours before the show, and the Upper North Lot, closest to the concourse entrance, fills first for popular shows — sometimes well before doors. See the official Red Rocks website for current lot details. For a bus group, this is irrelevant, since the bus parking is handled through the booking. But if any members of your group are driving separately, they need to arrive when the lots open to get a close spot.
• Bring layers regardless of the evening forecast. Temperature at Red Rocks drops 15 to 20°F after sunset even in July and August. A 75-degree Littleton afternoon becomes a 55-degree amphitheatre by 10 PM. The bus ride home is warm; standing for the last hour of a set in a tank top is not.
• Colorado afternoon thunderstorms are not a hypothetical. The Front Range gets regular afternoon and evening lightning in summer, and Red Rocks is an outdoor venue with no indoor shelter — staff may direct guests to their vehicles or a designated area during severe weather. On a bus, a delay means the group has a warm, dry place to wait rather than standing in the lot.
• Altitude is real, and the hike from the bus is still a hike. At 6,450 feet, the walk from the concourse entrance to your row — and back — is more physically demanding than the same distance at lower elevation. If anyone in your group has altitude sensitivity or respiratory concerns, the shorter walk from a bus drop-off versus a far outer parking lot matters. Staying hydrated throughout the day before the show helps.
• Clear bag policy is in effect. Red Rocks allows one clear plastic, vinyl, or PVC single-pocket bag no larger than 13” × 15” × 8”, plus a small purse or fanny pack 6” × 9” or smaller. Multi-pocket bags and backpacks are not permitted. Check the official Red Rocks bag policy page before your date since specific rules can vary by event type.
• The concourse level is the top of the amphitheatre. Red Rocks rows run from Row 1 (near the stage at the lower end) to Row 71 (at the upper level near the concourse entrance). If your tickets are in the lower rows, you will walk down from the bus drop area. If your tickets are in the upper rows, you are close to the entrance. Knowing your section before you arrive helps your group plan how much time you need after the bus drops off.
• Venue address and contact: Red Rocks Amphitheatre, 18300 West Alameda Parkway, Morrison, CO 80465. Denver Mountain Parks: (720) 865-2494.

The Red Rocks Concert Season and When to Book Your Bus

The outdoor concert season at Red Rocks runs from roughly early May through October, with July and August consistently the most in-demand months for both tickets and transportation. The venue announces its calendar in rolling waves — major headliners typically announce three to six months ahead — and the sold-out shows that are hardest to get tickets to are also the ones that exhaust available party buses and charter buses across the Denver metro the fastest.

High-demand periods where transportation booking urgency is highest:

• Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend is the core of the Red Rocks summer run. Popular Friday and Saturday headliners during this window regularly clean out the available 20- to 40-passenger vehicle supply 4 to 6 weeks out from the show date.
• Multi-night residency shows — artists who play two or three consecutive nights at Red Rocks are a regular occurrence and create a multi-day demand spike that affects vehicle supply differently than a single sold-out night.
• Denver Film Society film screenings and outdoor yoga events are earlier-season and shoulder-season events that draw smaller but enthusiastic crowds; group transportation for yoga events and film nights follows the same bus/van approach as concert nights, just with lighter timing pressure.
• Sold-out rock and electronic headliners in summer are the dates where post-show rideshare pricing at Red Rocks becomes so pronounced that groups that planned to rideshare home start calling for buses earlier in the season the following year. Those are the dates to book transportation for first.

The full current schedule is on the Red Rocks events calendar. If your show is a summer weekend headliner, requesting estimates four to six weeks out is the right window for solid vehicle selection. Call 720-452-0280 to discuss your specific date — and check the related guides for other major Denver-area venues: Fiddler's Green Amphitheatre in Englewood and Ball Arena downtown follow similar transportation patterns for large concert groups.

Group Trips That Work Well with a Red Rocks Bus Rental

The approach road is the approach road regardless of who is on the bus — the parking situation, the altitude walk, and the post-show exit apply equally to every group. These are the occasions that generate the most requests for Red Rocks bus transportation through Centennialpartybuscompany.com:

• Birthday and milestone celebrations. A Red Rocks headliner is a natural anchor for a milestone birthday, and a party bus with a built-in bar turns the drive up CO-74 into the opening act rather than just the logistics. The Centennial birthday party bus page covers how to structure that kind of trip from the south suburbs.
• Bachelorette and bachelor parties. The combination of a legendary outdoor venue and a party bus from Highlands Ranch or Centennial — with a possible stop in Morrison before the show — is one of the most common requests on this site. The bachelorette and bachelor transportation page above covers itineraries that work alongside a concert night.
• Corporate and office outings. Denver-area employers organize Red Rocks outings for teams regularly, and a charter bus that picks up from multiple office parks or hotel blocks around Arapahoe County and returns to the same spots handles the whole group in one vehicle without anyone navigating unfamiliar mountain roads in the dark on the way home. See Centennial corporate event transportation.
• Out-of-town concert groups flying into DEN. A private van or minibus from the terminal keeps the group together from wheels-down, and one booking covers both the airport arrival and the show night run.
• Winery and concert combination days. Some groups build a full Front Range day around a winery visit — the Colorado wine country tour guide covers the Front Range wine corridor — before the evening show at Red Rocks. A single bus booking covers both stops across the whole itinerary.
• Multi-venue concert trips. Groups attending back-to-back nights at different Denver venues sometimes book a charter or minibus for the full run. The same bus network covers Empower Field at Mile High for Broncos games and concerts, Coors Field for Rockies games, and Dick's Sporting Goods Park for Rapids matches — multi-stop itineraries across the metro are standard arrangements through the Centennial group transportation services page.

Frequently Asked Questions About Renting a Bus to Red Rocks

Where exactly does a charter bus or party bus drop off at Red Rocks Amphitheatre?

Motorcoach and charter bus groups drop off at the Top Circle Lot, near the main concourse entrance on West Alameda Parkway — the upper-level entry where most concertgoers arrive from the parking lots. That entry point puts your group at the top of the amphitheatre, so you walk down toward your seats rather than climbing up from a lower lot. The exact drop zone and bus parking area are managed by the venue's event staff and can vary by show, so the official Red Rocks parking and getting-here page is the definitive reference and the specifics for your show date are confirmed at booking.

Does a charter bus need a separate parking pass at Red Rocks?

No. Parking at Red Rocks is free for everyone, including buses — the lots that individual cars use run first-come, first-served, but motorcoach parking and drop-off at the Top Circle Lot is coordinated through the venue for the specific event. The details vary by event and are confirmed when you arrange the bus, so there is no separate parking purchase on your end.

How much does a party bus or charter bus rental to Red Rocks cost?

Pricing depends on vehicle size, total hours (including pre-show window and post-show staging), date, and pickup location. To give you an idea: a 6- to 7-hour block on a 30-passenger party bus for a group from Centennial or Highlands Ranch might come to roughly $1,500–$2,200 all-inclusive — around $50–$75 per person. Full-size charter buses run roughly $130–$300/hour.

These are planning ranges, not quotes, and actual pricing varies with your specific itinerary. Request estimates at Centennialpartybuscompany.com or call 720-452-0280 for a specific number.

What is the best route from Centennial to Red Rocks Amphitheatre?

Take C-470 westbound to US-285 westbound (or connect via South Wadsworth/Bowles to US-285), then west through Littleton to CO-74 (Hogback Road), and north on Hogback Road to West Alameda Parkway. Total distance is roughly 28 to 32 miles, about 40 to 50 minutes off-peak. On a sold-out show night, plan for 60 to 80 minutes of total travel time — Hogback Road is the bottleneck, and it backs up starting about 60 to 90 minutes before showtime.

What is the best route from Denver to Red Rocks?

From Denver proper, the most common approach is I-70 westbound to Exit 259 (CO-74 / Hogback Road south), then about 2 miles south to the venue's West Alameda Parkway entrance. That run is roughly 19 to 22 miles off-peak (28 to 38 minutes). US-285 westbound from Denver (south through Sheridan Boulevard to Hampden then west) is an alternative that bypasses I-70 and is worth knowing when I-70 westbound is congested heading toward the Exit 259 ramp on a busy show night.

How early should a group arrive at Red Rocks for a concert?

The venue and most experienced concertgoers recommend arriving at least 60 to 90 minutes before showtime for sold-out events. The parking lots open approximately 2 hours before the gates. For a group arriving by bus on a summer weekend headliner, plan for the bus to depart your pickup location at least 90 minutes to 2 hours before showtime to account for approach-road traffic.

If your group wants to explore the venue, walk the trading post area, or grab food at the concessions before the opener, arriving 90 minutes early is the right target.

What happens if there is a weather delay at Red Rocks?

Red Rocks is an open-air venue, and staff may direct guests to their vehicles or a designated shelter area if severe weather or lightning moves in during a show. For a bus group, a weather delay means everyone has a climate-controlled vehicle staged nearby to wait in rather than standing in the parking lot in the rain. Check the venue's posted guidance at redrocksonline.com for how delays are communicated on your show date.

Does Red Rocks Amphitheatre have a clear bag policy?

Yes. Red Rocks allows one clear plastic, vinyl, or PVC single-pocket bag no larger than 13” × 15” × 8”, plus a small purse or fanny pack 6” × 9” or smaller. Multi-pocket bags and backpacks are not permitted for most events.

Rules can vary by event type, so check the official Red Rocks bag policy page before your specific show date.

Can the bus wait during the entire show and pick us up after?

Yes — the bus is reserved as a block of hours that covers both the show time and the post-show staging. You set the pickup window and meeting point in advance, and the bus is staged nearby and ready when your group exits. A realistic post-show buffer accounts for the time it takes the venue to begin clearing and the bus to access the main entrance area.

Nobody scrambles for a pickup spot after the last song — the plan is set before the first one.

Can you stop for dinner or drinks before the show on the way to Red Rocks?

Yes. A bus booking covers a block of hours and a pre-show stop is easy to include. Morrison — the small historic town east of the venue on CO-74 — has restaurants and bars within walking distance of the main road and is a popular pre-show stop for groups coming up from the south suburbs.

Littleton and Lakewood both have dining options en route from the Centennial/Highlands Ranch area. Mention any pre-show stops in your quote request so the booking covers the right number of hours.

Are there RTD public transit options to Red Rocks?

RTD operates seasonal concert shuttle service to Red Rocks on select show nights — service details, fares, and which shows the shuttle runs for change by season, so check the RTD website before your date. Red Rocks is not served by regular fixed-route RTD bus service, so every transit option requires a connecting shuttle or transfer at some point. For a group of 15 or more, a private bus almost always makes more sense than individual shuttle tickets once you account for how everyone gets to the transit hub first.

For one or two people coming from downtown Denver, the RTD concert shuttle may be the right call.

How does a group from Denver International Airport get to Red Rocks?

DEN sits roughly 52 to 57 miles northeast of Red Rocks — about 65 to 80 minutes off-peak. Ground transportation pickup for charter and van services at DEN is on Level 5 of the Jeppesen Terminal (Island 1). Gather your full group and all luggage before contacting the service, since vehicles stage nearby and pull to the curb when your group is ready rather than waiting at the arrivals lane.

Most out-of-town groups take a Sprinter van or minibus from DEN to their hotel first, then the show night bus covers the hotel-to-Red Rocks-and-back run. The Denver airport shuttle guide covers the DEN pickup procedure in detail.

How far in advance should you book a bus for a Red Rocks show?

For summer weekend headliners — July and August Friday and Saturday shows in particular — request estimates four to six weeks out to have solid vehicle selection. Multi-night residency shows and sold-out major headliners can deplete the available party bus supply across the Denver metro 3 to 4 weeks before the date. For weeknight shows, shoulder-season dates in May or September, and smaller-draw acts, 2 to 3 weeks of lead time is typically workable.

The earlier you lock it in, the better the options and the more straightforward the price. Call 720-452-0280 to start.

Book Your Red Rocks Bus Rental Today

Red Rocks is one of the most-requested destinations through Centennialpartybuscompany.com from the south Denver metro — the combination of limited parking, the altitude factor, and the one-road-in bottleneck on Hogback Road makes a single charter bus or party bus the obvious call once your group clears a dozen people. Whether it is a birthday celebration built around a summer headliner, a bachelorette trip with a Morrison dinner stop before the show, a corporate outing from an Arapahoe County office park, or a group flying into DEN specifically for a multi-night run, Centennialpartybuscompany.com connects you to transportation providers with party buses, charter buses, minibuses, Sprinter vans, and Sprinter limos across Centennial and the broader Denver metro.

Request estimates in under 30 seconds online, or call 720-452-0280 any time for a free, all-inclusive price quote at no obligation to you. The show is worth the drive. Let the bus make it the easy part.